Constructing a rear cavity depth approximately equal to the speaker diameter is a good starting point for mini and micro speaker applications. A balance between compact size and minimum pressure changes is desired when designing the rear enclosure volume. These changes in the air pressure will inhibit the movement of the speaker diaphragm and thus limit the volume of sound produced from the front of the speaker. Unfortunately, a small rear cavity volume will create large changes in the air pressure in the rear enclosure due to the movement of the speaker diaphragm. The volume of the rear cavity is a compromise between speaker efficiency and size, with smaller sizes generally being more desirable in applications using mini or micro speakers. The interior of the cavity should be filled with sound absorbing material or the walls of the cavity should be rigid enough so as to not radiate sound. Example drawing of a front and rear speaker enclosureĪn effective design for the rear enclosure is an air-tight cavity. While it is possible to design the rear enclosure to utilize the rear pressure wave in order to enhance the frontal sound from the speaker, the complexity of such a design is beyond the scope of this blog. The rear of the speaker enclosure is typically designed to prevent radiation of the rear sound pressure wave.
In general, a spacing of 1 to 2 mm will be sufficient for most mini and micro speakers. The front of the enclosure should be spaced far enough from the speaker, so the moving diaphragm is not able to come in contact with the enclosure. A hole pattern removing as little as 20% of the front plate can provide a reasonable compromise between protecting the speaker and minimizing the sound attenuation, while creating an array of holes approximately the size of the speaker helps to allow efficient sound propagation. Some common methods for creating the front cavity of a speaker enclosure are to use a screen or to create round or slotted holes in a solid plate. The front cavity of the enclosure serves to provide physical protection for the speaker, but should also be designed to minimize the attenuation of the desired sound. Example diagram of a speaker Speaker Enclosures Unfortunately, the front and rear pressure waves are out of phase and thus can partially or completely cancel each other out and reduce the sound level. These air pressure waves radiate similarly well from both the front and the rear of the speaker. The diaphragm moves due to the movement of the coil and thus air pressure waves are created which are detected as sound. Applying an electrical signal to this coil of wire causes it to move in the magnetic field. A coil of wire is attached to the diaphragm and suspended between the poles of a permanent magnet.
Speakers 101Ī speaker consists of a diaphragm suspended in a rigid frame such that the diaphragm can freely move forward and backward. Enclosures designed with a few simple guidelines will meet the needs of most applications. Enclosures for mini and micro speakers are similar in purpose to those for larger speakers to protect the speaker and to enhance the audio volume.
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